However, in practice, doseresponse patterns are significantly complicated due to many other interactions with (i) multiple targets (receptors) of different affinities to the active compound, (ii) other regulatory proteins or mediators in the networks involved in the adaptive stress response, (iii) feedback down regulations in the molecular signaling pathways, and/or (iv) metabolic transformation of active ligands into metabolites, a secondary ligand, which have different affinities to various receptors of the adaptive stress response [69]
Stress, and brain immunity: Microglial homeostasis through hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axis and sympathetic nervous system
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Methylene Blue Mechanism of Action: Methylene Blue acts on the mitochondria to enhance cellular energy production (ATP), improve cognitive function, and protect the brain from oxidative stress